A new and never before reported hetero?arylidene?9(10H)?anthrone structure (4) was unexpectedly isolated on reaction of 1,2?dimethyl?3?ethylimidazolium iodide (2) and 9?anthracenecarboxaldehyde (3) under basic conditions. Its structure was unequivocally confirmed by X?ray crystallography. No cytotoxicity in human healthy fibroblasts and in two different cancer cell lines was observed, indicating its applicability in biological systems. Compound 4 interacts with CT?DNA by intercalation between the adjacent base pairs of DNA with a high binding affinity [Kb = 2.0?(±0.20)???105 m?1], which is 10?? higher than that described for doxorubicin [Kb = 3.2?(±0.23)???104 m?1]. Furthermore, compound 4 quenches the fluorescence emission of a GelRed?CT?DNA system with a quenching constant (KSV) of 3.3?(±0.3)???103 m?1 calculated by the Stern?Volmer equation.

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Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent adult stem cells capable of generating bone, cartilage and fat, and are thus currently being exploited for regenerative medicine. When considering osteogenesis, developments have been made with regards to chemical induction (e.g. differentiation media) and physical induction (e.g. material stiffness, nanotopography), targeting established early transcription factors or regulators such as runx2 or bone morphogenic proteins and promoting increased numbers of cells committing to osteo-specific differentiation. Recent research highlighted the involvement of microRNAs in lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. Herein, gold nanoparticles that confer stability to short single stranded RNAs were used to deliver MiR-31 antagomiRs to both pre-osteoblastic cells and primary human MSCs in vitro. Results showed that blocking miR-31 led to an increase in osterix protein in both cell types at day 7, with an increase in osteocalcin at day 21, suggesting MSC osteogenesis. In addition, it was noted that antagomiR sequence direction was important, with the 5 prime reading direction proving more effective than the 3 prime. This study highlights the potential that miRNA antagomiR-tagged nanoparticles offer as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine.

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Abstract Herein we report the synthesis of novel ionic liquids (ILs) and organic salts by combining ibuprofen as anion with ammonium, imidazolium, or pyridinium cations. The methodology consists of an acid–base reaction of neutral ibuprofen with cation hydroxides, which were previously prepared by anion exchange from the corresponding halide salts with Amberlyst A-26(OH). In comparison with the parent drug, these organic salts display higher solubility in water and biological fluids and a smaller degree of polymorphism, which in some cases was completely eliminated. With the exception of [C16Pyr][Ibu] and [N1,1,2,2OH1][Ibu], the prepared salts did not affect the viability of normal human dermal fibroblasts or ovarian carcinoma (A2780) cells. Therefore, these ibuprofen-based ionic liquids may be very promising lead candidates for the development of effective formulations of this drug.

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