Mission

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Carbon dioxide is the gas with the largest impact on the greenhouse effect due to its large concentration in the atmosphere. Industrial Revolution, in the XVII century, triggered the growth of CO2 concentration. Industrial and transport sectors are the ones with higher emissions rates. In March 2019 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released that the annual growth of concentration of atmospheric CO2, in 2018 was the 4th higher.

Currently, a strong imbalance in the carbon cycle is notice due to the rate of emission in the atmosphere being greater than the rate of its absorption. There are two major effects of the carbon dioxide emissions, firstly, an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere which results in temperature rise, and secondly, an increase in the absorptions of CO2 by oceans and plants which causes ocean acidification and carbon fertilization.

Kyoto’s protocol is a compromise between all the member-countries to reduce in 5.2% the greenhouse gas emissions between 2005 and 2020. Recently the Paris agreement aimed to reduce by 45% of the total greenhouse emissions by 2030, and 100% by 2055. However these reduction is not enough, so carbon dioxide capture (CC) technologies become the best solution to face the climate change.

CO2 capture can be done naturally and artificially. Commercial available conventional CO2 capture technologies usually need high energy consumption or suffer from decreased performance in the presence of impurities. Materials that enable selective CO2 separation from gas mixtures, and can easily be regenerated are of the most importance.

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Illustration of the relationship between ILs and PILs. Image adapted from J. Yuan, D. Mecerreyes, M. Antonietti, Poly(ionic liquid)s: An Update, Progress in Polymer Science, 38 (2013), 1009-1036.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids composed exclusively of ions with a melting point of less than 100 ºC. In the last decades, ILs have been the focus of many research areas, and are now in many applications. The separation of CO2 from industrial flue gases with ILs is an emerging CC technology. The major advantage resides on their capability of being designed and optimized for a specific task: the tailor-made property. The possibility to manipulate cation and anion separately provides an easy way to customize ILs.

In previous studies, we discovered the molecular interactions that govern the CO2 physical absorption in ILs/CO2 mixtures. We also acquire a molecular insight into ILs and a better understanding of CO2 solvation behavior on ILs. This accumulated experience motivated the development of higher performance ILs materials for CC. For the current project, we formed a multidisciplinary team that gathers expertise in ionic liquids, NMR spectroscopy, and polymers, we envision that it’s possible to design new materials with enhanced CO2-philic features and provide experimental data for a full industrial scale integration of a PIL based technology.

The main goal is design task-specific multifunctional copolymer with polyionic liquids (green-PILs) that will be able to capture, activate and convert CO2 into useful chemicals.

We believe that green-PILs have greater capability to CO2 capture than ILs and that these new materials will be able to operate near atmospheric pressures. Green-PILs will also provide CO2 activation for chemical transformation and provide experimental data for a full industrial scale integration of a PIL based technology.