@article {CASTANHEIRO202076,
	title = {Glycerol conversion into biofuel additives by acetalization with pentanal over heteropolyacids immobilized on zeolites},
	journal = {Catalysis Today},
	volume = {346},
	year = {2020},
	note = {<p>The Green Catalytic Processes Special Issue on the 6th International Congress on Green Process Engineering</p>
},
	pages = {76 - 80},
	abstract = {<p>Dodecamolydbophosphoric acid (HPMo) immobilized on USY zeolite was used as a catalyst for the acetalization of glycerol with pentanal at 70 {\textdegree}C. Catalysts were prepared with different amounts of heteropolyacid, and the most active sample was the HPMo2@Y catalyst (1.1 wt.\%). The products of glycerol acetalization with pentanal were (2-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol, a five-member ring compound, and 2-butyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol, a six-member ring compound. Good values of selectivity for the five-member ring compound (80{\textendash}85\%) were obtained with all materials. The reaction conditions were optimized using HPMo2@Y as a catalyst. The optimal conditions were determined to be 70 {\textdegree}C reaction temperature with 0.3 g catalyst and a 1:2.5 M ratio of glycerol to pentanal. The catalytic stability of HPMo2@Y was studied. The acetalization of glycerol with pentanal was performed using the same sample. High catalytic activity for HPMo2@Y was observed.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acetalization, Glycerol, Green processes, Heterogeneous catalysis, Heteropolyacids},
	issn = {0920-5861},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.048},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586118312409},
	author = {Castanheiro, J. E. and Vital, J. and I. M. Fonseca and A. M. Ramos}
}
