Publications

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Rosado, L, Santos T, Piedade M, Ramos PM, Vilaça P.  2009.  New non-destructive test technique on metal inspection, 2009. 19th IMEKO World Congress 2009. 1:11-16., Lisbon Abstract
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Rosado, LS, Santos TG, Piedade M, Ramos PM, Vilaça P.  2010.  Advanced technique for non-destructive testing of friction stir welding of metals, 2010. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. 43(8):1021-1030. AbstractWebsite
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Rosado, LS, Santos TG, Ramos PM, Vilaça P, Piedade M.  2015.  A new dual driver planar eddy current probe with dynamically controlled induction pattern, 2015. NDT and E International. 70:29-37.: Elsevier Ltd AbstractWebsite
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Rosado, LS, Santos TG, Ramos PM, Vilaça P, Piedade M.  2012.  A differential planar eddy currents probe: Fundamentals, modeling and experimental evaluation, 2012. NDT and E International. 51:85-93. AbstractWebsite
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Rosado, LS, Gonzalez JC, Santos TG, Ramos PM, Piedade M.  2013.  Geometric optimization of a differential planar eddy currents probe for non-destructive testing, 2013. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical. 197:96-105. AbstractWebsite
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Rosado, LS, Ramos PM, Piedade M, Santos TG, Vilaça P.  2010.  A reconfigurable digital signal processing system for eddy currents non-destructive testing, 2010. 2010 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, I2MTC 2010. :1284-1289., Austin, TX Abstract
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, De Carvalho CCCR.  2014.  A new NDT technique based on bacterial cells to detect micro surface defects, 2014. NDT and E International. 63:43-49. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P.  2011.  Electrical conductivity measurement to assess structural modifications in FSW joints in Aluminium alloys, 2011. Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology. 22:25-29. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, T, Vilaça P, Quintino L.  2009.  Developments in NDT for detecting imperfections in friction stir welds in aluminium alloys, 2009. Rivista Italiana della Saldatura. 61(1):65-72. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Martins J, Mendes L, Miranda RM.  2014.  Process developments in FSW, 2014. 8th International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, ICMSEM 2014. 281:1015-1021.: Springer Verlag AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P, Teixeira JP.  2011.  Modification of electrical conductivity by friction stir processing of aluminum alloys, 2011. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. :1-9. Abstract
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P, Teixeira JP.  2011.  Modification of electrical conductivity by friction stir processing of aluminum alloys, 2011. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 57(5-8):511-519. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Oliveira JP, Machado MA.  2020.  Reliability and NDT Methods. Advanced Structured Materials. :265-295. Abstract

Composites are finding increased use in structural high demanding and high added value applications in advanced industries. A wide diversity exists in terms of matrix type, which can be either polymeric or metallic and type of reinforcements (ceramic, polymeric or metallic). Several technologies have been used to produce these composites; among them, additive manufacturing (AM) is currently being applied. In structural applications, the presence of defects due to fabrication is of major concern, since it affects the performance of a component with negative impact, which can affect, ultimately, human lives. Thus, the detection of defects is highly important, not only surface defects but also barely visible defects. This chapter describes the main types of defects expected in composites produced by AM. The fundamentals of different non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are briefly discussed, as well as the state of the art of numerical simulation for several NDT techniques. A multiparametric and customized inspection system was developed based on the combination of innovative techniques in modelling and testing. Experimental validation with eddy currents, ultrasounds, X-ray and thermography is presented and analysed, as well as integration of distinctive techniques and 3D scanning characterization.

Santos, TG, Fernandes FB, Bernardo G, Miranda RM.  2013.  Analyzing mechanical properties and nondestructive characteristics of brazed joints of NiTi shape memory alloys to carbon steel rods, 2013. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 66(5-8):787-793. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, T, Vilaça P, dos Santos J, Quintino L.  2009.  A new NDT system for micro imperfections detection: Application to FSW and FSpW, 2009. Welding in the World. 53(SPECIAL ISSUE):361-366. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Vilaça P, dos Santos J, Quintino L, Rosado L.  2010.  Innovative eddy current probe for micro defects, 2010. 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, QNDE. 1211:377-384., Kingston, RI Abstract
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P.  2014.  Friction stir welding assisted by electrical joule effect to overcome lack of penetration in aluminium alloys, 2014. 17th Conference of the European Scientific Association on Material Forming, ESAFORM 2014. 611-612:763-772., Espoo: Trans Tech Publications Ltd AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Vilaa P, Miranda RM.  2011.  Electrical conductivity field analysis for evaluation of FSW joints in AA6013 and AA7075 alloys, 2011. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 211(2):174-180. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Lopes N, MacHado M, Vilaça P, Miranda RM.  2014.  Surface reinforcement of AA5083-H111 by friction stir processing assisted by electrical current, 2014. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 216:375-380.: Elsevier Ltd AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P, Teixeira JP, dos Santos J.  2011.  Microstructural mapping of friction stir welded AA 7075-T6 and AlMgSc alloys using electrical conductivity, 2011. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 16(7):630-635. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, T, Vilaça P, Reis L, Quintino L, De Freitas M.  2008.  Advances in NDT techniques for friction stir welding joints of AA2024, 2008. TMS 2008 Annual Meeting Supplemental: Materials Processing and Properties. 3:27-32., New Orleans, LA Abstract
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Santos, TG, Faria J, Vilaça P, Miranda RM.  2013.  Application of eddy currents in processed materials structural evaluation, 2013. 6th International Materials Symposium, Materiais 2011. 730-732:715-720., Guimaraes AbstractWebsite
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Santos, T, Vilaça P, Quintino L, dos Santos J.  2009.  Computational tools for modelling FSW and an improved tool for NDT, 2009. Welding in the World. 53(5-6):R99-R108. AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vilaça P.  2014.  Friction Stir Welding assisted by electrical Joule effect, 2014. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 214(10):2127-2133.: Elsevier Ltd AbstractWebsite
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Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vieira TM, Farinha RA, Ferreira TJ, Quintino L, Vilaça P, de Carvalho CCCR.  2016.  Developments in micro- and nano-defects detection using bacterial cells. NDT & E International. 78:20-28. AbstractWebsite

This paper describes improvements to the Nondestructive Testing (NDT) technique recently proposed, based on the use of bacterial cell suspensions to identify micro- and nano-surface defects. New bacterial strains were used with magnetic fields to improve bacteria mobility. Different materials and defect morphologies were tested, including nanoindentation defects, micro-powder injection moulding components and micro-laser welding. Nanoindentations with 0.6 µm depth and 5.3 µm side length were successfully detected. Bacterial cells allow identifying different topographic attributes of the surfaces, such as roughness. Cracks of about 0.5 µm wide and 10 µm depth in a reference test block Type 1 were successfully detected.