Santos, TG, Martins J, Mendes L, Miranda RM.
2014.
Process developments in FSW, 2014. 8th International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, ICMSEM 2014. 281:1015-1021.: Springer Verlag
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Santos, TG, Oliveira JP, Machado MA.
2020.
Reliability and NDT Methods. Advanced Structured Materials. :265-295.
AbstractComposites are finding increased use in structural high demanding and high added value applications in advanced industries. A wide diversity exists in terms of matrix type, which can be either polymeric or metallic and type of reinforcements (ceramic, polymeric or metallic). Several technologies have been used to produce these composites; among them, additive manufacturing (AM) is currently being applied. In structural applications, the presence of defects due to fabrication is of major concern, since it affects the performance of a component with negative impact, which can affect, ultimately, human lives. Thus, the detection of defects is highly important, not only surface defects but also barely visible defects. This chapter describes the main types of defects expected in composites produced by AM. The fundamentals of different non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are briefly discussed, as well as the state of the art of numerical simulation for several NDT techniques. A multiparametric and customized inspection system was developed based on the combination of innovative techniques in modelling and testing. Experimental validation with eddy currents, ultrasounds, X-ray and thermography is presented and analysed, as well as integration of distinctive techniques and 3D scanning characterization.
Santos, TG, Miranda RM, Vieira TM, Farinha RA, Ferreira TJ, Quintino L, Vilaça P, de Carvalho CCCR.
2016.
Developments in micro- and nano-defects detection using bacterial cells. NDT & E International. 78:20-28.
AbstractThis paper describes improvements to the Nondestructive Testing (NDT) technique recently proposed, based on the use of bacterial cell suspensions to identify micro- and nano-surface defects. New bacterial strains were used with magnetic fields to improve bacteria mobility. Different materials and defect morphologies were tested, including nanoindentation defects, micro-powder injection moulding components and micro-laser welding. Nanoindentations with 0.6 µm depth and 5.3 µm side length were successfully detected. Bacterial cells allow identifying different topographic attributes of the surfaces, such as roughness. Cracks of about 0.5 µm wide and 10 µm depth in a reference test block Type 1 were successfully detected.