@article {PALOMAR2018101,
	title = {Chemical composition and alteration processes of glasses from the Cathedral of Le{\'o}n (Spain)},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Sociedad Espa{\~n}ola de Cer{\'a}mica y Vidrio},
	volume = {57},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	note = {n/a},
	pages = {101 - 111},
	abstract = {<p>The Cathedral of Le{\'o}n has one of the most important ensembles of medieval stained glass windows in Europe; however, most of them have been altered by atmospheric weathering. The main objective of this study was the characterization of a set of glass samples from the Cathedral of Le{\'o}n, the comparison with glasses from previous interventions in the cathedral and the study of the relation between the alteration pathologies, the chemical composition of the glasses and the environment in which they were placed. The samples were characterized by means of binocular microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, visible spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The main alteration of glasses exposed until the 19th century was the formation of pits by dealkalinization, while the glasses exposed until the present formed CaSO4 deposits as a consequence of the synergic effect of rainwater and gaseous pollutants. Glasses altered by the browning of manganese were also characterized. Resumen La Catedral de Le{\'o}n posee una de las colecciones de vidrieras medievales m{\'a}s importantes de Europa; sin embargo, muchos de los vidrios se han alterado por degradaci{\'o}n atmosf{\'e}rica. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la caracterizaci{\'o}n de un conjunto de vidrios procedentes de la Catedral de Le{\'o}n, su comparaci{\'o}n con vidrios procedentes de intervenciones previas en la catedral y el estudio de la relaci{\'o}n entre las patolog{\'\i}as de alteraci{\'o}n, la composici{\'o}n qu{\'\i}mica del vidrio y el medio en el que estuvieron expuestas. Las muestras se caracterizaron mediante lupa binocular, microscop{\'\i}a electr{\'o}nica de barrido y microan{\'a}lisis de dispersi{\'o}n de energ{\'\i}a de rayos X, espectrofotometr{\'\i}a visible, espectrometr{\'\i}a de fluorescencia de rayos X y difracci{\'o}n de rayos X. La alteraci{\'o}n principal de los vidrios expuestos hasta el s. xix consisti{\'o} en la formaci{\'o}n de picaduras por desalcalinizaci{\'o}n, mientras que en los vidrios expuestos hasta la actualidad se formaron dep{\'o}sitos de CaSO4 como consecuencia del efecto sin{\'e}rgico de la lluvia y los gases contaminantes. Tambi{\'e}n se han caracterizado vidrios alterados por el enmarronamiento del manganeso.</p>
},
	keywords = {Alteraci{\'o}n atmosf{\'e}rica, Alteration pathologies, Atmospheric weathering, Catedral de Le{\'o}n, Cathedral of Le{\'o}n, Patolog{\'\i}as de alteraci{\'o}n, stained glass windows, Vidrieras},
	issn = {0366-3175},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2017.10.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0366317517300912},
	author = {Teresa Palomar}
}
