@article {CORREAPINTO2018133,
	title = {19th century stained-glass windows from Bel{\'e}m do Par{\'a} (Brazil): Analytical characterisation and pathology},
	journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Sociedad Espa{\~n}ola de Cer{\'a}mica y Vidrio},
	volume = {57},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	note = {n/a},
	pages = {133 - 141},
	abstract = {<p>The aim of this work was to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the stained-glass windows into the 19th century of two mausoleums located in the city of Bel{\'e}m do Par{\'a} (Brazil), and to evaluate their state of conservation. The glass chemical composition was determined by WXRF and SEM/EDS. The samples{\textquoteright} morphology and the microorganisms{\textquoteright} identification were carried out by optical microscopy. The results indicated that the samples were soda-lime silicate glass, with approximately 70wt. \% of SiO2, which contributed to the resistance of the stained glass to the weathering. The concentration of Na2O was normally twice the K2O, which contrasts with the composition of other panels produced during the same period, as reported in the literature. The biofilm is composed by cyanobacteria and rotifers. Overall, the panels analysed were in a good state of conservation, despite their exposure to tropical climate conditions for more than a century with no preventive measures whatsoever. Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las caracter{\'\i}sticas f{\'\i}sico-qu{\'\i}micas de las vidrieras del siglo XIX correspondientes a dos mausoleos ubicados en la ciudad de Bel{\'e}m do Par{\'a} (Brasil) para evaluar su estado de conservaci{\'o}n. La composici{\'o}n qu{\'\i}mica del vidrio fue determinada por WXRF y SEM/EDS. La morfolog{\'\i}a de las muestras y la identificaci{\'o}n de los microorganismos fueron realizadas por microscopia {\'o}ptica. Los resultados indicaron que las muestras eran vidrios de silicato s{\'o}dico-c{\'a}lcico, con aproximadamente el 70\% en peso de SiO2, lo que aument{\'o} la resistencia a la corrosi{\'o}n de los vidrios de estas vidrieras. La concentraci{\'o}n de Na2O fue normalmente el doble que de K2O, lo que contrasta con la composici{\'o}n de otros paneles producidos durante el mismo per{\'\i}odo, de acuerdo con la literatura. El biofilm present{\'o} cianobacterias y rot{\'\i}feras. En general, los paneles analizados presentaban un buen estado de conservaci{\'o}n, a pesar de su exposici{\'o}n a las condiciones clim{\'a}ticas tropicales durante m{\'a}s de un siglo, sin las medidas de conservaci{\'o}n preventivas.</p>
},
	keywords = {Biodeterioration, Biodeterioro, Brazilian Amazon Region, Conservaci{\'o}n, Conservation, Regi{\'o}n Amaz{\'o}nica de Brasil, Soda-lime silicate glass, Stained glass, Vidrieras, Vidrios s{\'o}dico-c{\'a}lcicos},
	issn = {0366-3175},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2017.10.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0366317517300985},
	author = {Amanda M. Corr{\^e}a Pinto and Thais A.B.C. Sanjad and R{\^o}mulo S. Ang{\'e}lica and Marcondes L. da Costa and Rosildo S. Paiva and Teresa Palomar}
}
